Category: South Africa

As I leave behind South Africa, in the spirit of this “travel blog” I am going to take advantage of this “not too exciting” all day drive to share some random observations from behind the wheel in South Africa.

While driving long distances, especially when you are alone, you have a lot of time to ponder both the big picture stuff, like the meaning of life, but also lots of silly things that don’t really matter that much other than the fact that they occupy the inquisitive mind while driving. I want to share some of these ponderings with you just for fun, since anyone contemplating a long-distance road journey or anyone that has completed one already will have had similar ponderings. There is no particular order to these random ponderings – just random thoughts of a lone driver.

#1. Flashing lights. Driving in Africa as a foreinger can be frustrating at times for lots of reasons, but one of the reasons that has, quite frankly, stumped me is my inability to interpret the flashing light signals given by other vehicles. Take this example, what does it mean when the truck in front of you puts on their turn signal but without any turns up ahead? Are they signaling that you can pass them, or that they plan to turn or pass someone ahead, or that it is unsafe to try and pass them at that time? I have seen situations when all of these options have seemed to apply. So I remain befuddled and therefore generally don’t do anything when they are flashing at me lest I make the wrong decision and piss off a big rigger. Or how about this one. A car comes up behind you and makes it clear they want to pass. At some point you find the space to pull slightly into the breakdown lane and they come zooming passed you and double flash their rear lights. Are they saying “thank you” or “F U Ahole for not moving over sooner”? Hard to say. There are other confusing flash signals but you get the point – driving in a foreign country without know the road protocols ca be frustrating.

#2. Highway buffer maintenance. The highways, both the national and regional roads, all have pretty big buffers on the sides that are in most places just grass strips. It baffles me a little to see road crews of dozens of men with hand-held weedeaters cutting the tall grass instead of using a tractor mower. And this is happening on all the roads at regular intervals. Is this because they can’t afford a tractor mower? Or perhaps because the ground is too uneven for a tractor mower? Or is it because it makes for a great government work program? This I ponder when I pass them by.

#3. Police traffic stations. I almost never see police cars on the roads looking for traffic violators. Instead, at regular intervals there are traffic police on the side with hand-held radar guns ready to stop anyone going even a few kilometers over the speed limit. And usually these stations are “manned” by 2-4 “officers”. Is this because they don’t have sophisticated radar devices in their police automobiles and therefore must use hand-held devices? Or is this because their police vehicles are too crappy and slow to actually catch a vehicle speeding, so they hope you will simply stop if they wave you down? Or is this yet another government work program to employ lots and lots of traffic police? This I ponder when I pass them by.

You might ask whether I have been stopped yet. Well, generally I am safe from these traffic stops because the Green Dragon generally can’t go the speed limit anywhere – trully. The highways generally have a speed limit of 120 km/hour and I can’t go much over 90 km/hour in my “tank”. However, I will admit that in the Park I did get stopped once for going 60 km/h in a 50 km/h zone. Interestingly though, and typical in Africa I hear, the very nice female officer BS’d a bit and then decided that instead of giving me a ticket she would ask me to exchange a $50 USD for the equivalent local Rand currency. She had received this $50 at some point, probably a pay-off from another speeding tourist, and didn’t have an easy means of exchanging it for currency she can actually use in most places. So what did I do, of course I gave her like 1,000 Rand and she gave me the $50 USD – deal done and I’m on my way.

#4. Fences. These South Africans really do like their fences. As I am driving along through this country I am continually amazed at how many areas are fenced off, and often with imposing fences and reinforced gates. Are these to keep stuff in or keep stuff out? This I ponder. In some cases, like the game farms it seems obvious that they want to keep the “game” in, but they probably also want to keep the would-be poachers out. In other cases, it is just not clear why they have such impossing fences and reinforced gates. Is it simply the fear of theft or vandalism? Is it private property mentality gone to the extreme – no one come on my land. Anyone who has built fencing knows how costly it is in terms of labor and money to build and maintain a fence line, so there must be a very good reason, but it is not obvious to me.

#5. Roadside fruit and vegetable stands. Now this is something that really boggles me. In the agricultural areas, such as the wine country of the Cape Provinces in the south or the citrus country of the Limpopo Province in the north, you see lots and lots of roadside fruit stands, with each vendor selling pretty much exactly the same stuff, and with stands that look almost identical. Moreover, there are dozens of them spread out every 100 yards or so. Now, if you want to stop and purchase some fruit, in part because it looks delicious and in part because you want to support the local economy, which stand do you stop at? Do you stop at the first one you come to because that’s when you first see the opportunity? But doesn’t that person have an unfair advantage over the others – no telling how they managed to snag that site. Perhaps you wait and stop at the second or third stand out of sympathy for their position in the line of stands? But which one? Or perhaps you wait until the last stand because they probably never get any business and you want to make sure they get some support too? But how do you know if in fact it is the last stand since you can’t see around the corner? And what if others are thinking the same thing and are also choosing to support the last stand, so then what about the stand just before the last, certainly they get almost no business? This is a real dilemma and something that perplexes me each time I consider stopping. So, in most cases, before I can decide which stand to stop at I am now passed the stands and choose to leave the whole mess behind, and no one benefits – I get no fruit and they get no money!

#6. Soccer pitches. Most of you know of my life-long passion for soccer (or “football” as the larger world calls it), so it should be no surprise that I am always on the lookout for soccer fields and people playing soccer – I never know when I might want to stop and join the game! Anyways, I have come across quite a few soccer pitches during my South Africa travels, but my favorite is this one:

OK, see you in Botswana!

My last stop in South Africa is the UNESCO World Heritage Site Mapungubwe National Park, located in the far northeastern corner of the country near the towns of Alldays and Musina and situated at the confluence of the mighty Limpopo and Shashe Rivers (although the larger Shashe River appears dry at this time), as shown here:

Mapungubwe NP abuts Botswana and Zimbabwe, and forms part of the Greater Mapungubwe Transfrontier Conservation Area. Note, a Transfronteir Park is one in which one or more bordering countries have abutting Parks that cooperate at some level to manage the much larger area as one effective conservation area, under the rationale that bigger is better for wildlife that see no borders.

Mapungubwe (110 sq. mi.), established in 1995, protects the historical site of Mapungubwe Hill, which was the capital of the ancient Kingdom of Mapungubwe, the oldest known kingdom in southern Africa (900-1300 AD), as well as the wildlife and riverine forests along the Limpopo River. Mapungubwe Hill was the site of a prosperous community dating back to the Iron Age. Archaeologists also uncovered the famous golden rhino figurine from the site. Here is a shot of the famous Hill:

Mapungubwe is also renowned for its scenic landscape, with sandstone formations, woodlands, riverine forest and baobab trees (more on these special trees later). Despite its World Heritage status, Mapungubwe is threatened by the development of an open-cast coal mine in the Park’s buffer zone – argh! Here are a few shots of the scenic rock formations, acacia scrublands and mopane woodlands in the uplands:

The most striking trees in this community are fever trees, ana trees, leadwoods, fig trees and as many as 24 different species of acacias. Some of the trees along the Limpopo River have grown to massive sizes as you can see in these photos of the “gallery” forest along the river:

In addition to these gallery forest trees, there are some very large baobabs in the park as well, with one specimen having a circumference of 31m. Here are a couple of shots of this magnificant tree:

The baobab is perhaps my favorite tree in all of Africa, and for lots of reasons. First, it is a succulent, which means that during the rainy season it absorbs and stores water in its vast trunk (up to 1,200 gallons), enabling it to produce a nutrient-dense fruit in the dry season when all around is dry and arid. This is how it became known as “The Tree of Life”. The fruit, which is inside hard pods that hang upside down from the tree, is edible, and baobab seed powder is used in foods because of its nutrients, possible health benefits, and as a natural preservative. It is a good source of vitamin C, potassium, carbohydrates, and phosphorus. Baobabs are widely distributed throughout Africa and are long-lived – with individuals recorded to be over 2,000 years old and reaching enormous sizes – with older trees reaching 35-45 feet in diameter – enough to fit a small house! Baobabs offer places of shelter and are a key food source for many animals. Elephants, in particular, eat the soft, moisture-laden tissue in the stem and can often leave trees looking like have a petticoat.

Baobabs are also steeped in legend and superstition, and have inspired myriad myths and stories. Some of the stories lead to its common description as “The Upside-Down Tree”, because when it’s bare of leaves, its spreading, twisted branches look like roots spreading out into the air as if the tree had been planted upside down. The silhouette of a baobab in the setting sun is the quintessential African scene – and one that I never tire of. Unfortunately, in recent years, many of the largest, oldest trees have died, possibly due to climate change.

My public campsite in Mapungubwe NP is Mazhou, situated in the western section of the Park on the southern bank of the Limpopo River. It has about 8 sites and they are fairly close together, so I hear all my neighbors – argh! On the positive side, there are some great shade trees with huge spreading crowns. Unfortunately I did not manage to snag one of these sites, but as you can see in the photo below, my site isn’t terrible either. On the negative side, you can’t see or gain any access to the river. I guess the flooding of the river makes it impossible to put a campground any closer to the river bank, and the same goes with the game drive roads – they are set back a little from the river so you only see the water on a few ocassions.

Some of you have asked about the people I have met along the way. Well, the people I have met in this campground are pretty typical of those I have met in the other public campgrounds. So far, all white South Africans and all over 60 and mostly retired. In this campground I spent a bit of time talking to the self-proclaimed “Duke and Dutchess” of Pretoria (the major city outside of Jo-Berg) who, like all the others I have met, love to camp and see the wildlife. The Duke is suppose to email me pictures of the “bush babies” he took sitting in his camp chair. We have both the tiny southern lesser galago (bush baby) and the much larger thick-tailed greater galago – both primates – hanging out in the trees inside the campsite. I manged to see only the latter, so the Duke is emailing me a picture of the former, which I will share when I get it. Otherwise, there is no much to report – just normal people who love to camp. I did meet a few white South Africans that didn’t have a lot of kind things to say about the country under black rule or the “blacks” themselves, but I don’t want to give them any more attention.

One last thing that hopefully you will find fun and perhaps a little surprising, and that is how much wildlife in these less developed campgrounds can be seen right from the campsite. Note, this is not always the case all the time, but the video below is not that unusual. I filmed the composite video below entirely from my lounge chair over a period of an hour or so during the mid-afternoon. Who needs TV when you have this to watch?

Mahzou campsite composite video (6 minutes)

I think it’s time for another mystery sound. Listen to this one:

Any guesses? As I wouldn’t expect anyone to guess the species, can you place it in a group of animals? Hint, I heard this (and saw it with my torch) just after dark at my last Kruger campsite. Here is another hint for Skylar and parents if they are listening. It’s one of Gander and Skylar’s favorite animals to immitate, even though this particular species doesn’t sound much like Grander’s immitation. It is the African barred owlet, a cute little owl that can really belt out a call. Here is a picture from the internet:

How about a few anectdotal wildlife observations from today:

“Mom, do I really have to leave the herd next year?”

“Hey Joe, this one’s empty, try the next site.”

“What you wanna do, I don’t know, what you wanna do?”

And last but not least, let’s finish with a species of the day. There are so many cool species to choose from. I’m going to go with the Malachite kingfisher which I saw on the Letaba River in Kruger National Park. When you see this bird in the wild you think, “I can’t believe birds can be this beautiful”. The irridescent colors in the feathers of this bird simply overwhelm the visual senses. And the large, bright red bill creates a striking contrast with the blues of the body. It is, of course, a “kingfisher” and like most, but not all, kingfishers, it forages on small fish by diving from a perch or from a hovering position over the water, so you always find this species on water bodies – usually rivers. Unlike North America, Africa has many different kingfishers and they are all brilliantly colored, so it is one of my favorite group of birds to see here in Africa.

OK, off to Botswana. See you on the othe side.

As I indicated in my last post, I left Kruger National Park with a sad face because I had so many exciting wildlife observations. However, the journey must go on! Before reflecting on Kruger a bit, let me first describe the landscape today.

The landscape between Kruger and Blouberg Nature Reserve is varied both in topography and land use. The land varies from plains with rolling hills to rugged mountains so it kept my attention all day. Unfortunately I didn’t get any pictures of the mountains I was passing through as I was trying to get to my destination in time to facetime with Nancy – which I failed to do, not because I was late (although I was a little late) but because, once again, the cell service doesn’t exist here. I would guess that in terms of land use the land is 50% huge game farms (which we talked about before), which I didn’t take any pictures of because they look just like the Park except that they have big 8-foot tall fences around them and imposing entrance gates. I am guessing another 20% is cattle ranches (but of the woodland scrub, not grassland type), which I also didn’t take any pictures of because so far as I could tell they look just like the game farms but without the huge 8-foot tall fence. However, it is difficult to discern whether these are all in fact cattle farms because the vegetation is so thick that I rarely seew any cattle. I did see some though which makes me conclude they are probably cattle ranches.

Another 20% or so is extensive citrus orchards (mostly oranges, but also some other delicous fruits). I stopped at one of the roadside stands to purchase some fruit and got talked into a box of avacados and a box of a fruit the vendor described as “shadow”. Each box had about 6-8 pieces and the total was roughly $4 USD – not bad! Here’s a picture of the fruit stand (the “shadow” fruit are the large yellow fruit in the second bin) and the nice young man who sold me the fruit, and whose mother drove up in a flash once I was purchasing some fruit and then intervened with some interesting facts about the growing of the “shadow” fruit. I think the young man was a little embarassed that his mother intervened in the sale.

Another 10% or so of the land was monoculture timberland that was actively being logged for what I don’t know – pulp, dimensional lumber, biofuel? Here’s a shot of what some of that landscape looked like.

Another 10% or so was either residential development or town centers and the final 10% was, I believe, protected land in regional Parks and Reserves, all of which was in the rugged mountainous country.

Oh ya, did I mention that the roads in this Province are generally in good shape – almost no potholes! And I was astonished to see road crews resurfacing sections of roads with bad potholes – a more effective long-term strategy campared to the signage strategy that we saw in the Cape and Freestate Provinces. However, although I aplaud the commitment to maintaining and improving the road infrastructure in this Province, I must stay I was disappointed to see that they were only putting a single 1-inch layer of pavement down and calling it good – a cost-effective short-term strategy that will cost them more in the long term, but hey, that will be the problem of the next administration. Here’s proof of the actual road work:

After a long days drive I came to my destination, the Blouberg Nature Reserve. What a gem of place! There are game drive roads throughout the reserve and an absolutely stellar campground, which I am in right now and that I have to myself. I literally have this Reserve to myself – amazing! There are only a half dozen or so sites in the campground and they are all huge and private and nestled under some beautiful shade trees, most of which are called Nyala trees (which is the big tree shading the Green Dragon in the photo below). There are all kinds of animals around my site making all kinds of noises – I love it! The baboons and vervet monkeys are making their presence well known, which puts me in total alert mode for fear of my campsite being raided. I have to remember to not leave anything out unattended and keep the vehicle doors closed – or else!

OK, now for some afterthoughts on Kruger National Park for those wanna be southern Africa safari adventurers. If someone were to ask me to describe what I think of Kruger, here is what I would say. If you want an exceptionally accessible Park in sub-Saharan Africa that has all the classic megafauna (well, most), Kruger is a great option. You can fly into Jo-Berg (the easiest place to fly to from the States) and drive to the Park in several hours. If you want to see the classic African wildlife and yet sleep in comfort in a soft bed, with a hot shower, and possibly have a hot meal at a restaurant, and NOT get tossed around and have your bones rattled in the back of a safari vehicle on rough, corregated roads, THEN Kruger is the Park for you. The campgrounds in the Park are like nothing you have experienced in the States – all amenities, and I mean ALL, are available. And while you do have to drive let’s say, on average, an hour for every 5-10 minutes of actual wildlife observation, the wildlife you do see will be spectacular, as hopefully some of my photos and videos demonstrated. In addition, the landscape is quite varied and asthetically pleasing, and by that I mean there are some pretty interesting and varied landforms (e.g., plains, “koppies”, mountains, large rivers, etc.) and some different vegetation types (e.g., grasslands, marula woodlands, mopane woodlands, etc.) that keep things interesting and entertaining between wildlife observations. Overall, however, Kruger is a rather “tame” Park, and by that I mean you never, ever, ever get the feel that you are truly in the wilds of Africa. It all seems like its just the nearby neighborhood Park in which you can go for a drive on the weekends to see some pretty cool wildlife. But hey, I wouldn’t mind having this Park in my neighborhood.

Since I have been remiss in my posting of mystery sounds, here is one for you experienced African safari-goers (you know who you are). Hint: this is an animal you here regularly in camp:

Any guesses? Took me quite a while to first identify this bird as I kept hearing it but couldn’t see it. Now, I am alert for it and see and hear it a lot, including in all my campsites so far. It is the grey go-away bird. They say its call sounds like they are saying “go away”, but I don’t hear that. Here is what this bird looks like (borrowed from the internet):

OK, I am off to my last Park in South Africa. See you there!

NOTE, I am going to try something different with the videos today, in part because they are long ones (you will see why). I understand that downloading them on your device is taking a long time, at least for some of you, and this is probably due to my website host, Hostinger. SO, based on Nathan’s suggestion, I am going to try providing you a Youtube link to each video instead of embedding them in this blog. That means you will leave the blog and go to Youtube to see the video, but then you will have to return to the blog to continue – it won’t happen automatically. Try not to get distracted on Youtube as there will be many other videos on the channel and you could easily lose the continuity of the blog post. Let me know how this works.

First, before getting to the exciting highlights section, let me describe my journey north from my last campsite at Setara to my new campsite at Letaba (which I won’t say anything about because it was just another Kruger campground, small city just like Satara). As I mentioned last time, as I moved north through Kruger the environment changes a bit and the landscape becomes increasingly dominated by mopane woolands, which is dominated by the mopane tree that I discussed last time. Here are a few shots of the mopane woodland, noting that in most places the mopane trees are sort of stunted in growth so they appear more scrub-like than full trees, but in some places they take on greater stature, and they will get larger as I continue north:

Not too exciting I know, but hey, that’s mopane woodland – at least the stunted version. I also encountered a couple of large river valleys with flowing water – they must be something to see during the rainy season when they are at flood stage:

There are also quite a few of these rocky hills (or “koppies” as they are called) that stick up out of the plains in isolation that provide some really nice relief to the landscape – and they look like they should have all kinds of cool animals on them:

OK, now I want to share a few Kruger highlight experiences. There’s lots more to share in terms of animals sites and sounds, but they will have to wait.

#1. African savannah (a.k.a. “bush”) elephant. My first highlight is none other than the magnificant African elephant. But before getting to the video, let’s talk a little about why elephants are so important and why they are probably my favorite animal here to observe in the wild. The African savannah elephants is what we call a “keystone” species; that is, a species that has a greatly disproportionate influence on the ecosystem given its abundance or biomass. In this case, although elephants are big, well actually they are huge, they don’t amount to that much biomass relative to many other organisms that make up for their diminutive size by their shear numbers. However, elephants have a massive impact on the ecosytem in terms of structure and function, and through their activities they affect the habitat of numerous other organisms. Indeed, many organisms practically owe their existence to elephants.

Let me give just a couple examples to illustrate what I am talking about (but there are many more examples that we could draw from).

Example 1. Elephants physically alter the environment in many ways. For example, elephants dig holes in the ground with their feet – sometimes aided by their tusks. They do this for a variety of reasons, one of which is to get at minerals to include in their diet. By creating these holes, water will collect in them and the elephants will return to drink and take mud baths – which they do to protect their skin from the sun. Their repeated visits will gradually enlarge the holes and they can become seasonal or even permenant water holes, which then provide water and habitat for a whole host of other organisms. In some parts of Africa, the actions of elephants to create water holes is the only means of creating this critical habitat. In these areas, without elephants, in the long run, many water hole/wetland dependent organisms would disappear. Here is a series of photos I took today to show the idea of the progression in the development of a water hole by elephants:

Example #2. Elephants eat a lot! By a lot, I mean that an average adult can eat 300-400 pounds of plant material every day. That’s a lot of organic matter going in, but what comes out? Well, they only digest roughly 50 percent of what goes in, so do the math. A lot comes out the back end every day. This dung is the perfect compost to support the growth of the very plants they just ate. Also, the dung is filled with undigested plant seeds that are now deposited in the perfect setting to grow, and some plants even need to pass through the elephant digestive system to germinate. In addition, there is an entire community of insects that live in elephant dung. Some, like the dung beetle simply gather up a bit of the dung and roll it away to a private location where it can lay its eggs so that their larvae have a feast waiting for them. All sorts of critters feed on the insects attracted to the dung. Do you remember Zazu from the Lion King. Well, he was a Hornbill, and I watched many hornbills (southern yellow-billed and red-billed hornbills) pecking insects out of elephant dung balls today on my drive. Here is an elphant dung ball; now multiply this by a very large number and that is what each elephant is leaving behind each day:

There is so much we could talk about, but it would take a book to discuss all the cool things about elephants and tell the complete story of their diminishing numbers and range throughout Africa. Suffice it to say that historically they were everywhere throughout sub-Saharan Africa and truly a dominant presence in most ecosytems. Today they are almost entirely restricted to the scattered Parks and Reserves, which represent a small fraction of their historic range and represent disconnected “island” populations to boot.

Instead, let’s talk about some very exciting encounters with elephants I had over the past few day in Kruger. In the composite video below I selected just a few of my favorite highlights. Note the following as you watch the video: 1) when you are driving around on these Park roads you have to keep at least one eye on the road ahead because you never know who is going to be waiting for you when you round the bend blocking the road, and by the way, what do you do when you have two elephant butts sticking out of the bushes into the road? 2) watch how the young elephant uses its foot and trunk to scrap the road surface to gather up some needed minerals for its diet; 3) watch for the ears flared and head shake that indicates that they are a little disturbed at your presence, and just letting you know who is the boss! 4) watch how the matriarchal herd (i.e., the matriarch and her young of various ages and their offspring, along with probably her sisters and their young) watches out for the young ones and keeps them protected at all times, and just how fun-loving and playful the young ones are; 5) watch how they go to town on the bark of this tree they had pushed over before I got there – see how they use their tusks and trunk together to tear off the bark and eat it (by thye way, what is this big bull elephant, the one that is really intent on eating the bark, doing with this herd, as they are usually off by themselves or hanging out with other bulls away from the matriarchal units); and finally, 6) how cool is it to watch the young elephant nursing 10 feet in front of me – which is a really good sign that they were not too bothered by me, especially since they approached me and not the reverse. Enjoy!

Elephant composite video (11 minutes)

#2. Southern Giraffe. My second highlight is also one of my favorite animals to watch because of their unique and awkward physical appearance, which can make for some interesting maneuvers – as you shall see. This species is the epitomy of evolution by natural selection. What a crazy body form! Only evolution could create such a creature, who is perfectly adapted to browse on all the yummy vegetation that is out of reach to all those other “lowly” herbivores. As such, with its outstretch neck, the giraffe has access to an essentially untapped food resource. Of course, it comes at the expense of some pretty big tradeoffs. It makes it a bit awkward to run at high speeds, so the best they can do is lollop along. And they do so with the very unique gate of the front and rear legs both moving at the same time, alternating with the two legs on the other side – unlike most 4-legged creatures in which the front right and rear left come forward together followed by the front left and rear right. So they look really wierd when running

Now, we an all agree that the neck of the giraffe is exceptionally long. So how many cervical (neck) vertebrate do you think they have? Hint: we humans have 7. So, it must be like 20 or 30, right? Actually, no, they also have only 7 cervical vertebrate – they are just super elongated ones. This means they can’t articulate their neck as much as you think they might like to. And with regards to the neck, one of the fun things you will see in the video is these 2 young bulls “necking” – no that doesn’t mean they are having sexual relations – it is how they battle. These two young bulls are just trying out their combat skills, sort of practicing if you will, before they have to really use their necking skills to compete for the pleasure of mating with receptive females.

Another tradeoff of being so tall is that it makes it very difficult to get your head down to the water hole to get a drink. So, they have to splay their frong legs apart so as to lower their body just enough to get their head down to the water. This makes for a very awkward posture, and one they are not keen to make often as they are vulnerable to lion predation at this time. In the video, note the tentativeness at getting low for the drink. But alas, it has to be done!

Lastly, while the southern giraffe once enjoyed a nearly ubiquitous distribution throughout sud-Saharan Africa, they too have had their distribution drastically reduced by humans. Fortunately, this species of giraffe still has pretty substantial numbers in southern Africa, albeit restricted mostly to the Parks and Reserves. OK, enjoy this video of a few of my favorit giraffe moments in Kruger:

Giraffe composite video (4 minutes)

#3. Wild dogs. Let’s finish with one of my best experiences in Kruger. On my second to last day in the Park I came across this pack of wild dogs in the road. I had this drive entirely to myself as I hadn’t seen another vehicle all morning – hoorah! I won’t say too much here because I had the good sense of doing a little narration in the video itself and I covered some of the key points of interest. Suffice it to say that this observational experience was exceptional on many levels. First, because it was with wild dogs, which are one of Africa’s coolest predators, and second, because I spent perhaps 1 hour with these dogs all by myself, something that is rare in the Parks when sighting a predator species like this. In case you were wondering, this is why I am in Africa!

Wild dog composite video (8 minutes)

I hope you enjoyed some of these Kruger highlights. There’s lots more to share with you on some other pretty cool species and observations, including some more mystery sounts, but I think I will leave those for later as this post is already rediculously long. So long Kruger – Cheers!

After a couple nights in the big city, I moved north to the small city of Satara. If my first Kruger campground (Skukusa) was New York City, my new campground is perhaps Philadelphia. Still a rather big “city” for a campground, but I was able to find a little corner in the campground to nestle my Green Dragon into that wasn’t too bad.

The landscape surrounding this section of the Park differs somewhat from the southern section around Skukusa. In the vicinity of my campsite it is a rather vast open savannah grassland with scattered low scrub and the ocassional tree.

To the east again are the low, arid rhyolite hills of the Lebombo Mountains which run the length of the Park.

To the north the open svannah starts to grade into into mopane woodlands (i.e., less grass, more trees) on basalt soils, and the woodlands get denser in the riparian zones along the major river courses.

Like the marula woodlands to the south, the mopane woodlands warrant some attention as well. These woodlands are widespread in lower-lying areas of eastern southern Africa and are generally found on lower elevation drier sights than the marula woodlands, but what is most distinctive of these woodlands is that thye are comprised almost exclusively of a single tree species – mopane. The mopane tree is easily distinguished by its butterfly-shaped leaves. Mopane wood is extremely hard and prized as firewood and building material by the locals. In addition, the mopane leaves are eaten by an enormous variety of wildlife species. The mopane “worm” is the caterpillar form of the Emperor moth, which lives nearly its entire life on the mopane tree. Interestingly, mopane worms are a staple part of the diet in many rural areas and are considered a delicacy in the cities. They can be eaten dry, as crunchy as potato chips, or cooked and drenched in sauce – I tried a dried one once and it tasted like I was eating tree bark, yuck! Most importantly, the worms are high in healthy nutrients and contain three times the amount of protein as beef. Yes, that’s right, three times the protein content as beef. Can you imagine the positive environmental consequences of producing mopane words instead of beef?

OK, enough educational material. Let’s start with a mystery soundtract. Hint, this is a creatures you probably don’t want to run into on foot:

If you guessed lion, you’re right! This is one of the quintessential nightime sounds in Africa and it can send shivers up your spine if you’re sleeping outside on the ground – Rick, buddy, if you’re listening, I’m sorry if this brings back your nightmares.

Here is another mystery soundtract that gives some the creepy crawlies:

If you guessed spotted hyeana, you’re right! This is another one of those classic, nerve-tingling, nightime sounds in Africa. More often than not, when you hear these guys at night you can almost bet that while you’re asleep they will be quitely roaming through your campsite looking for stuff to eat and/or steal. They may even try to play the guitar with their teeth if you accidentally leave it outside your tent.

I recorded both of these critters while lying atop the Green Dragon after dark, and I have had these nocturnal audio visitors every night since being in the Park. I have also seen both critters. I watched lions mating – out of respect I did not photograph the act – and drove along side a pack of hyeanas leaving camp early one morning:

Time for some anectdotal wildlife observations from the last few days in Kruger:

#1. Green Dragon staredown against the largest land animal on the planet:

In case you were wondering, I parked on the road quite some distance from the herd and they approached me of their own accord. The matriarch of the herd came between me and her family as they crossed in front on their way to the river and she stared me down assessing whether I represented any threat. She was quickly joined by one of the younger females in the unit and eventually she decided the Green Dragon was OK.

#2. Harem scarem:

This male impala has gathered a huge harem (one of the largest I have ever seen) and as you can see he is very busy trying to cover any poor girl that is coming into estrous – and that’s a lot of gals. Note, there are dozens and dozens of bachalor males out on the periphery of the harem, all waiting for the opportunity to sneak in and have a go with one of the gals. Between chasing off the relentless challengers and trying to “cover” the gals in heat, I don’t know how he has time to eat and sleep.

#3. Delicate beauty:

The impala may be the most abundant and ubiquitous antelope in all of sub-Saharan Africa, probably representing more antelope biomass than all of the other antelope species combined, but that doesn’t detract from their delicate beauty.

#4. Bath time:

This big boy Cape buffalo just got up from his mud bath and looked at me like I had just ruined his very expensive spa. Sorry!

These next several observations are primarily for Skylar – and those of you that are really, really young at heart.

#1. Who is hiding behind this tree playing “Gander Boo” with me?

#2. What shape does this waterbuck (girl) have on its butt?

#3. How many antelope are napping?

#4. How many zebra do you see in this picture?

#5. This mommy and daddy are teaching their babies how to find food for themselves – how many babies do you see?

And to finish this post, I am going show you a few other species that I managed to get a usable but not great picture of:

OK, the lions are roaring again, time for me to say goodnight!

Don’t worry, at some point I will have nothing new to share each day and I won’t be posting every day, but for now…

Let’s get the ugly out of the way first. The National Park campground I am in right now is more of a city than a campground. There are hundreds of rondavels, chalets, and luxury accommodations at all price levels, restaurants, fuel stations, shopping center, fitness spa, and more. And all within an electric fence so that the kids running around here don’t get snatched up by the lions and hyenas, both of which I heard last night just outside the compound. This compound must be a hundre acres or more and the “camper’s” section is an area within the compound that accommodates perhaps 100 campers, almost all in camper RVs of some sort, packed together so that you hear and mostly see everything going on with your neighbors. There is nothing like this in the States. Even the most upscale KOA campground pales in comparison to this. As you might have guessed by now – this is not my cup of tea, but I don’t have a choice if I want to camp inside the Park. Despite this, I was able to nestle the Green Dragon in a little cubby surrounded by bushes on 2 sides:

On the positive side, my immediate neighbors (to the left of me in the picture above) are a nice, older South African couple from Cape Town – and they’re quiet too!

OK, I am going to share with you another meal I prepared, just to make you a little envious. Tonight, well, actually this afternoon between my morning drive and evening drive, I cooked up another stir fry. This time, I started with the usual chopped potatoe and onion in olive oil base, added some kale (got to get in those “greens” at every opportunity) and tomatoes, and smothered it with a garlic parmesan sauce – yum, yum! By the way, I probably won’t show you many more camp meals in the blog because they are all pretty much variations on the same theme: stir fry various vegetables and add a sauce of some sort. Sometimes the base is a pasta or rice instead of the usual potatoe/onion, but in the end it all comes out about the same – delicious!

Now for some fun anecdotal wildlife observations from today.

“Hey Joe, if we can’t see them, they can’t see us, right?”

Do you see the lions up on that hill?

Neither do I, but it would be a good place to hang out and scan for prey.

“Has anyone seen my harem, I thought I left them over there”

“Nope, there not over there either!”

“Or over there! Where the hell are they?”

“Dang, and I spent all that time and energy rounding them up.”

“Oh, wait, there they are! Thank goodness!”

“I don’t know why all those safari guides keep throwing sticks at me, I just want a little food”

Hide-and-seek is really hard when your this big!

OK, enough of that silly business. Here is today’s wildlife observation challenge for you. Who is living in this termite mound?

Right, this is a colony of mongooses – the common dwarf mongoose to be specific. These guys live in colonies of 10-20 individuals and occupy old termite mounds for their home. In the mornings they like to come out of the tunnels and bask in the sun – which we are seeing here.

Here is a mystery sound for you. However, you folks that have been to Africa before should get this one:

If you guessed some kind of gull I wouldn’t be suprised because that is what I thought when I first heard the African fish eagle.

And now for the species of the day. There are lots to choose from as I saw lots of new species today, but I am going to go with the African Hoopoe. This is one cool looking bird with his orange and black mohawk. When you see a bird like this you understand why birding is such fun and why so many people take up the hobby. This guy is dressed to kill but nevertheless loves to forage around on the ground for insects. Also, they nest in tree cavities made by other species.

See you next time.

WARNING – this post is a long one as I have a lot to report on given it’s my first day in Kruger National Park.

By the way, I finally was able to upload the videos of the Green Dragon in case you are interested – see the Vehicle page on this website.

Before introducing Kruger and showing you some fun wildlife observations, I want to share one unrelated observation. The southeastern entrance to Kruger where I was entering the Park is very close to the Mozambique border. Due to the inefficiency of the border post, the coal trucks on the South African side of the border on the major highway I was traveling on were backed up in a line that extended at least 10 miles, I kid you not. At the pace they were moving it would take several days, at least, for a truck to get across the border. Why they are moving all this coal via truck and not train, when there is a track along this route, is beyond me. Fortunately, I was able to simply skirt around the procession and proceed on my way.

Ok, let’s introduce the iconic Kruger National Park, the flagship Park of South Africa located in the northeastern corner of the country bordering Mozambique and Zimbabwe. Kruger NP (7,576 sq mi), established in 1926, is both the 1^st national park established in South Africa as well as the largest in the country, and the 6^th largest national park across the entire continent of Africa. The Park is elongated north to south – extending 220 miles from north to south along the western slopes of the narrow Lubombo Mountain chain which forms the border with Mozambique and running 40 miles from east to west, on average, along its length. As a consequence of Kruger’s latitudinal and elevational gradients and varied soils derived from mostly igneous (of volcanic origin) materials, the Park supports a wide range of ecosystems and varied habitats for an exceptional array of wildlife. Kruger is an important stronghold for several of Africa’s most iconic large mammals, including supporting more than half the world’s remaining white rhinos, along with substantial populations of giraffes, buffaloes, elephants, black rhinos, leopards, cheetahs, African wild dogs and, of course, lions.

My first public campsite in Kruger is Skukuza, located in the southern section of the Park along the banks of the perennial Sabie River. The landscape surrounding this section of the Park is highly varied. To the east are the low, arid rhyolite hills of the Lebombo Mountains. The soils of the Lebombo are shallow and stony, and as this is one of the driest parts of Kruger, it is dominated by drought-resistant plants.

Lying west of the Lebombo hills is a rather vast open savannah grassland on basalt soils (dark, fine-grained igneous rock rich in magnesium and iron derived from extrusive molten lava). These savannah grasslands contain scattered acacia trees and form the classic picture of the African savannah.

Further to the west in the vicinity of my campsite at Skukuza are areas of mixed thorn thickets and marula woodlands on granite soils (lighter, coarse-grained igneous rock rich in quartz and feldspar, also derived from extrusive molten lava).

The marula tree is worth describing in more detail, as it is important for its commercial and wildlife uses, and it is an important member of what is referred to as miombo woodlands, which are the most extensive tropical seasonal woodland and dry forest formation in Africa. Miombo is found throughout west, central and east Africa and extends southward just barely into South Africa. Marula is a medium-sized deciduous fruit-bearing tree, indigenous to the miombo woodlands of Southern Africa, and it has a beautiful spreading crown.

Some cool facts about the Marula tree: The marula fruit is used to make a beer and liqueur, and is used in fruit juice blends – it is sky-high in Vitamin C. In addition, the extracted nut oil is similar in its properties to olive oil, highly nutritious and exceptionally stable, with the additional benefit of having powerful antioxidant properties, and it is used as an ingredient in cosmetics (e.g., moisturizers). Locals believe it is known as “The Marriage Tree” in Zulu culture, as it is believed that those who marry beneath its branches will enjoy vigour and fertility all their days. And of course, the fruit is eaten by many wildlife species and is a favorite of elephants. Interestingly, elephants damage the trees by eating the bark and can even kill the trees by girdling, but at the same time are an important disperser of the seeds which they spread in their dung.

Ok, that’s enough on the environment of Kruger south, let’s see some wildlife. Here are some anecdotal wildlife observations from today:

Peek-a-boo, I see you!

Do you see the Rhino in the bushes?

Whoops, it’s just a rock!

Let’s all cross in an orderly fasion please:

Watch out for that bison crossing the road – I mean Cape Buffalo!

Shake that booty!

Tuppens for the poor?

Skylar are you watching: “mommy elephant, big girl elephant, little girl elephant, and baby elephant”

And last but not least, the species of the day – this one’s for you Sherry – is the warthog. Now how could you not love and admire this pig. They eat just about anything and everything, they live in just about any habitat in sub-saharan Africa, they run around in little matriarcal groups called “sounders” – and with their tails held high, they like to roll around in the mud to keep cool, they can burst at speeds of up to 30 mph to escape predators, and they can use their formidable tusks to defend themselves against predators such as lions, leopards and hyena’s.

Time for bed. Goodnight all!

Before delving in the topic of daily life, I want to share a revelation I had today while driving. You recall the roads from hell on the 4 hour bypass from hell yesterday, well, today I had an epiphony regarding the road maintenance issue (or lack thereof) in South Africa after passing yet another of these road signs:

Instead of actually fixing the potholes, let’s just put up a sign warning drivers of upcoming potholes. Brilliant! Why didn’t I think of that? The government bureaucrat that came up with this strategy was probably promoted to head of the Department of Transportation for saving the government millions on road maintenance. No one can say they aren’t doing something about the issue. Do you think we should propose this in the States?

OK, now on to business. I have had a few requests to share more of the practical aspects of my daily life on the road with the Green Dragon, so here’s a few tidbits – but not too much, lest most readers will fall asleep and miss the species of the day.

You will recall from yesterday’s post that I got to my private little lakeside campsite in the dark and thus wasn’t able to show you my setup. First, here is what I woke up to:

After listening to my morning serenade from the local avifauna – what a way to wake up – I took a few shots of my campsite as promised:

Note, that building beside the Green Dragon is a restroom and hot shower, along with a little outdoor kitchen. My typical breakfast is a bowl of oatmeal with mixed nuts and dried fruit (usually raisins) – it’s super heart healthy and quick to prepare! However, on occasion I go Full Monty and prepare a scrumptious meal. Today, in my cast iron cookpot on my diesel (yes, diesel) cook stove I started with some olive oil, then put in a chopped yellow potatoe, then a chopped sweet potatoe and yellow onion, with a little tamari and salt and pepper, followed by a chopped green peppper and tomatoe, and topped with a few slices of vegan (yeah, I know) cheese. Here’s the preparation and final result:

Delicous! And I have enough for tomorrow as well. So, don’t think I am starving myself or eating simple quick meals. I spare nothing when it comes to good food when I am camping.

I really hated to leave my private lakeside campsite for $3 a night, but given yesterdays travel experience I thought it wise to drive most of the way to Kruger National Park today so that I can for sure get to my first Kruger campsite tomorrow with time to spare. I don’t have landscape pictures of the drive because it was pretty much Iowa again, with the addition of a big coal mine or two. So we can sum up the landscape as Corn, Cows and Coal (CCC). The one thing I will share as an adendum to my previous post on the “shanty towns” is that today I didn’t see any of these camps. Instead, I saw a few townships with government housing – for the “black” South Africans I assume – that are a vast improvement over the camps I saw in the Cape Provinces:

My campsite tonight is another little hidden gem that I discovered on iOverlander that puts me about an hour or two drive from my entrance to Kruger National Park in the middle of macademia nut county – acres and acres of macademia trees and a huge processing factory just across the river from here. If you eat macademia nuts, there’s a very good chance this is where they were grown. These hidden sites are truly amazing. You drive down a bumpy dirt road that looks like it’s going nowhere and then you go through a locked gate and, Shazam, you enter a new world. This place turns out to be a really nice lodge with riverside chalets or cabins, restaurant for the guests, and a Park-like area for campers like me. As you can see from the photo below, the camping area is a pleasant grassy patch with nice shade trees. And, get this, I have my own private ablution facility with the full works, including hot shower. All this for roughly $13!

There is just one other couple camping here so it is quite serene.

It’s time for species of the day. This morning at my private lakeside campsite on the hillside above my camp there were a few Blesbok, so I can count this as the species of the day. However, I managed to get a better photo at Mountain Zebra National Park so that’s the picture I will share below. I chose this species in part because they are pretty cool looking, but also because I probably won’t see them again as their range is quite small and restricted to the east-central plains of South Africa. This is one of the antelop species whose range has been severly reduced to the few National Parks and some game farms. This is a rather large antelope – think elk size – with a very distinctive and striking color pattern that makes them rather easy to spot. They feed primarily on grasses so you find them almost exclusively in the open grasslands and they usually occur in small herds of a few to a couple dozen, although in the winter they can come together in much larger herds. I saw plenty of these guys at Mountain Zebra and Golden Gate Highlands National Parks.

Next stop, Kruger National Park.

Not too much to report today other than I had a real TIA (“This is Africa”) day today, and here’s why. After a wonderful stay at Golden Gate Highlands National Park, I hit the road to get halfway to my next destination – the famous Kruger National Park. What started out as an absolutely gorgeous day with an expected drive time of about 5-6 hours and arrival at my chosen iOverlander campsite on the shores of Lake Chrissiesmeer turned out to be an 11 hour drive with arrival to my campsite after dark – which I really hate!

With the start of the trip, all was going well. Leaving the Park, I drove through Maluti-Drakensberg mountains during an awesome sunrise on the rocks and outcrops, and then began a long haul northeasterly across the rolling hills of the northeastern part of the Free State province and the southwestern part of the Mpumalanga province. This part of the country can be summed up in two words: corn & cattle, with the former dominating the landscape. If it weren’t for the not-so-flat terrain I could easily have thought I was driving across Iowa. Then, just when I was about 2 hours from my destination there was an unannounced road block. Turns out the town up ahead was protesting something (don’t know what) and had blocked the road and were not letting anyone through. Note, this was a fairly significant highway and long-haul route for truckers, so there were dozens of them stopped on the roadway. My navigation system could not handle this at all and would not, could not, direct me to an alternate route. So, I did the next best thing and spoke to a police officer who directed me to take this dirt road for 10 km, and then turn right, and when you get to ?? turn left, and then at the ?? sign turn right, and follow that for xx km until you see ?? You get the point! To my good (turns out perhaps not so good) fortune, another native in a small transit truck was trying to get to the same place (or the nearby town) and he too spoke to the police officer and decided to go for it. He was super nice and asked if I wanted to follow, so I did.

After a few kilometes on this dirt road we ran into this, and I thought this might turn out to be an interesting little bypass adventure a way to see the “real Africa”:

After 10 km more of dirt road that turn out to be muddy (which messed up my beautiful car wash I just had done a few hours earlier) we hit a paved road and all was looking good, except that we were now headed in exactly the opposite direction of my destination. Have faith I told myself. Of course, to reinforce my doubts, my navigation systems (two of them no less!) were screaming at me to turn around, and they kept on screaming at me every couple of minutes until I could turn them off. However, it took me an hour or two to turn them off because I was fully occupied trying to keep up with my South African guide and I literally couldn’t take my hands off the wheel or my eyes off the road. Why, you might ask. Well, imagine what a road would look like after being cluster bombed. That’s what this “highway” was like. Potholes all over the place. And these were foot-deep potholes, not your average American pothole. Driving was essentially an obstacle course, and at speed too so as to keep up with my guide. This went on for perhaps 2 hours – but I continued to have faith in my native savior believe it or not. This was not the worst of it. When we finally did turn onto a new road and the tarmak appeared to be in good shape, we would pick up speed and be cruising along when suddenly, without warning, there would be a massive pothole. I can’t tell you how many times I swore during these random potholle episodes, but let’s just say I am glad Skylar wasn’t in the car.

Eventually, 11 hours later, I did make it to my destination, but after dark. Fortunately, there is a happy ending to this story. Remember, this campsite is not on any real map per se, but instead is listed on my iOverlander App. Have faith in the App I always tell myself, and it hasn’t disappointed yet. Driving down a dirt road several kilometers I turned into what looked like a driveway to a farm, but eventually I came to a gate with a house off a little in the distance. To my good fortune the owner came out and opened the electronic gate remotely. I drove through and got the green light to continue down this farmyard track towards the lake, which I did. I eventually got to a “keepers” house who welcomed me to, yes, an actual campsite. After paying about 3 USD for a night stay (yes, that’s 3 US dollars) she got on her ATV and led me across a field and down a track to an incredible lake-side camping spot with full ablution facilities (that’s restroom, kitchen sink, shower, etc.). And to top it off, I am the only one here – jackpot. So, there is reward at the end of the rainbow!

I’ll show you the campsite tomorrow when it is light. Goodnight!

As per my previous post, I arrived at my destination Park last night. I spent today exploring Golden Gate Highlands National Park, located near the town of Bethlehem and on the northern edge of the embedded country of Lesotho. Golden Gate NP (130 sq mi), established in 1963 to protect the sandstone shelters that once served as shelters for the indigenous San people (a.k.a. “Bushman”), lies in the rolling foothills on the northern end of the Maluti-Drakensberg Mountains. The landscape consists mainly of wooded ravines, gullies and highland grasslands (or grassland veld as they call it). The park’s most notable features are its golden, ochre, and orange-hued, deeply eroded sandstone cliffs and outcrops that shine golden-yellow in the setting sun, from which the Park derives its name. I did my best to capture this scene in the following photos:

Although the rock cliffs and outcrops are the flagship features of the Park, the Park is actually most important for its conservation of high elevation grassland veld. As this series of photos depict, the mountains and valleys are covered by grassland, with something like 40 different grass species making up the mix. It is truly remarkable to see grasslands extend from the valley bottom up over the tallest mountains, some of which climb over 10,000 ft in elevation.

Another notable feature of the Park is the numerous caves and shelters displaying San rock paintings, which I was not able to see. The San were popularized, you might recall, in the movie “The Gods Must be Crazy”. The San are part of a larger ethnic group of herders (Khoi) and hunter-gatherers (San) in southern Africa known as Khoisan, which as recently as 22,000 years ago apparently constituted the largest group of humans on earth. Unfortunately, like most indigenous groups in Africa and elsewhere, the Khoisan were dispossesed of land and gradually displaced and/or assimilated by more “advanced” cultures – in this case, first by the southward immigration of Bantu-speaking agriculturalists around 2,000 years ago, and eventually by European colonists, primarily Dutch (known as the Boers) beginning in the mid 17^th century and finally the British who took over from the Dutch in the early 19^th century after a bloody war (known as the Boer war). As with many indigenous peoples, small pox decimated the Khoisan and Bantu after contact with European colonists, and many local populations were exterminated or enslaved by the technologically more advanced European colonists. Interestingly, following the end of Apartheid in 1994, the term “Khoisan” has gradually come to be used as a self-designation by ethnic South Africans as representing the “first nations” of South Africa vis-a-vis the ruling Bantu majority, and there has been an uprising of “Khoisan activism” in recent years, with ardent calls to restore ancestral land claims. I wish them the best of luck in their uphill endeavor.

The Park is also notable as one of the last refuges in all of Africa of the rare bearded vulture (also known as the lammergeier and ossifrage) and the southern bald ibis, as well as the rare oribi (a small, slender species of antelope). Alas, I did not see any of these species today despite my efforts, but these was not surprising given how rare they are and the time of year – regardless, it’s nice to know they are here. I just have to show you a picture of the head of the bearded vulture that I borrowed from the internet – so cool:

My public campsite is Glen Reenen rest camp in the Park. It’s a pretty awesome setting as I hope these photos capture:

I know this post is getting long, but I have to share some details and photos of the 4 hour hike I did this morning becuase it was challenging and rewarding on many levels. Basically I climbed 3,000 ft up above the escarpment to the high ridge above the campsite and then traversed the ridge for a couple of miles and then descended to below the escarpment and traverse the base of it back to the beginning. I started in beautiful sunny weather with a few broken clouds but by the time I got above the escarpment the wind was howling and I was engulfed in rain clouds. Visibility was very poor at times, but then it would break a little and I would get spectacular views only to be socked in again a minute later. I was the only person on the trail – sublime! Here are some shots of the hike that make it look more tame than it actually was – honest. Note, the first picture shows the central part of the ridge I traversed way up above the campsite:

OK, enough is enough, it’s time for, you guessed it, species of the day. Today I am dedicating this choice to my granddaughter Skylar, and she will know why is just a second. The species is the Chacma Baboon, which most will be somewhat familiar with. While these guys can be a real nuisance around the campsite – stealing anything not tied down or that weighs less than about 50 pounds, edible or not – they have a remarkable social structure. They usually live in troops that vary is size, but usually have dozens of individuals, including a dominant male, several subordinate males, lots of females and young ones. And it is to this last item that I bring your attention Skylar. The picture below is of a mommy and baby! Indeed, this little guy couldn’t be more than a few days old. Mom was so intent on letting her little baby nurse that she wouldn’t even move off the road, forcing me and other vehicles to skirt around her. Now that’s a nurturing mommy!

Hope you liked that one Skylar. Tomorrow, on the road again. Cheers.